Pneumatic Valve Positioner Working Principle The Pneumatic Valve Positioner is an instrument working on force balance principle to position the Control Valve stem in accordance to a pneumatic signal received from a controller. The Valve Positioner is force balance device which, ensure the position of the plug, which is directly...

What’s the difference between flashing and cavitation? The two words flashing and cavitation are interchangebly used but they arent the same.  According the Bernoulli equation - when a fluid pass a valve seat and the fluid velocity increases - the fluid pressure decreases. Cavitation If the fluid speed through the valve increases...

Capacitance level detectors are also referred to as radio frequency (RF) or admittance level sensors. They operate in the low MHz radio frequency range, measuring admittance of an alternating current (ac) circuit that varies with level. Admittance is a measure of the conductivity in an ac circuit, and is the reciprocal of impedance. Admittance...

Basic operation of  Mechanical Chiller. Mechanical Compression Chiller. Chillers Produce chilled water in the evaporator.In evaporator there are tubes filled with water and refrigerant surrounds the tube.The heat gets from the refrigerant to the water and hence the refrigerant evaporates.The Chilled water in the evaporator is used in the...

Ranging of a Non-Contact Level Transmitter. When i was given the project of installing Level transmitter i thought it would be a cake-walk for me,instead it turned out to be a night mare.With hell of calculations boggling my mind then, i searched everywhere for help, even googled but came across nothing  that could bear fruit. This is...

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Atex  standards: Atex stands for atmosphere explosives . As of july 2003 ,organizations in EU must follow the directives to protect employees from exploision risk in areas with an explosive atmosphere. There are two atex  directives (one for the manufacturer and one for user of the equipments. 1.The Atex  95 equipment directive...